THE BIG LIE
OK, so that's a bit harsh. I'll be
charitable and call it a Big Fib. You have heard it, or read it, probably many
times over. Seems like we often hear, "It flew beautifully, didn't even
need any trim!". Magazine articles on kit reviews
or new designs like to use the big fib. Too often we read: "It practically
flew right off the drawing board." or, "The maiden flight was a
dream, it didn't even need the transmitter trims changed." A minor
variation is the "All it took was two clicks of left rudder and it flew
great." or, "It trimmed perfectly on the transmitter".
Don't you believe it! It is a rare event
that a new airplane fly's well without trim changes. It may be a proven design,
properly constructed, balanced and set up according to the instructions... But,
the designer can't know everything about the way it was built and the way it
will be flown. It can, and SHOULD BE, trimmed, adjusted, and changed to make it
fly more the way YOU want it to.
The recommendations in the instructions are
a good place to start, and make it highly likely that your new craft will
survive its test flight. So after that first flight, now what?
TRANSMITTER TRIMS- If some of them are not close to centred,
adjust that control surface so they will be closer to centre. Make small
adjustments at a time, one to three turns
on the clevis. Adjust all control surfaces, and the nose
wheel. If all the trim lever travel has been used, it will probably take three
turns to get it close to centre.
CONTROL SURFACE THROW- Reduce control throws on the rudder and ailerons if
they are too sensitive. Make the reductions a little bit, move one hole on
control horns or about three turns on the threaded stud type control horns
often used on ailerons. If some controls were not very effective, or not
sensitive enough, increase the throw a little. If the elevator is too
sensitive, there are two possibilities- 1) Reduce elevator throw, or 2) Move
the balance point, CG or Centre of Gravity, forward. If the plane flew
smoothly, but was sensitive to small amounts of elevator stick, then reduce the
elevator throw a little. If the plane was smooth and landed going fast with
most of the up elevator being used, increase the throw a little. If the plane
tended to climb, would not settle into stable flight, tended to balloon on
landing, or needs down elevator trim, then you likely have a tail heavy plane
and need to move the CG forward. See the next paragraph.
CG/CENTER OF GRAVITY/BALANCE POINT- Tail heavy airplanes are tough to fly even for an experienced
pilot. They have lots of bad habits- a tendency to lift off at too low an
airspeed, balloon on landing, resist being trimmed for level flight, and so on.
Move the CG forward to reduce those things. Add nose weight, or shift the
battery or other equipment forward in the fuselage. If it means adding weight
to your plane, do it. This is one case where the added weight is well worth it.
Dave P